Fuel-oil burner



7U Hilft R. W. HIETT FUEL OIL BURNER Filed July l5, 1924 `Patented Aug. 3, 1926.

UNITED STATVES 1,594,526 PATENT OFFICE.

RALPH W. HIETT, OF CLEVELAND HEIGHTS, OHIO, ASSIGNOR TO BROOKS SECURITIES, INCORIORATED, OF CLEVELAND, OHIO, A CORPORATION OF OHIO.

FUEL-OIL BURNER.

Application filed J'ulyl, 1924. Serial No. 726,204.

This invention relates to fuel oil burners and more particularly to burners of this type that are especially adapted for use in domestic heating furnaces and the like.

| It is one of the objects of the invention to provide a burner that will be efficient and reliable in operation and adapted for installation in existing furnaces at a very ylow cost.

A further object of the invention is to provide a burner that will be safe in that 1t will be devoid of the features that might result in explosions, and so designed as to distribute the flame in a manner that will be best suited to the installations in which it is to be used.

A further object of the invention is to provide a burner that is so designed that the liquid fuel will be maintained in a relative- A ly cool condition until it reaches the point of vapor-ization so that there will be little or no liability of carbonizing and clogging the passages through which it is conducted.

A further object of the invention is to provide a burner construction in which all of the fuel conducting passages are readily accessible for cleaning.

Other objects ofthe invention and the features of novelty will be apparent from the following description taken in connection with the accompanying drawings, of which:

Figure 1 is a plan view of the interior of a heating furnace, having my invention applied thereto, the furnace itself being shown in section; j

Fig. 2 is a vertical section on the line 2-2 of Fig. 1; and j Fig. 3 is an enlarged fragment of Fig. 2.

Referring to the drawings, it will be noted that I have shown the parts of the furnace in a more or less diagrammatic way since the invention is applicable to all of the existing types of furnaces found in steam and hot water heaters as well as hot air heaters.

As shown in the drawings the heater comprises the base or ash pit section 10 on which is mounted the section 11 in which the fuel is burned. A coal grate is indicated at 12 and an ash door at 13. My invention comprises a burner casting 14, preferably of cylindrical form having a top ,wall 15 of inverted conical form, as shown. Around the periphery of the wall 15 I provide a series of upward projections 16 through each of which a smal opening is drilled to ypermit airy to flow from below the burner to the space above it. In the form of the invention shown, there are two circles of the proj ections 16, the outer circle merging into the upstanding flange 17, and I also provide openings 18 in this flange.

A sheet metal plate 19 lwhich may be of any suitable shape, and which in Fig. 1 is indicated as octagonal in shape, is placed on the grate 12. This plate 19 is cut out at the center and provided with an upstanding flange 20 over which the burner casting 14 fits, as shown in Fig. 2. The plate has a downwardly extending circular rib 21 which rests on the grate 12 and supports the rest of the plate above the grate. The plate 19 is preferably provided with four small upstanding flanges 22 over which pipes 23 are arranged, the interior of these pipes thus being in connection withthe ash pit space.

The upper ends of the pipes 23 are bent horizontally toward the axis of the burner and connect with a fitting 24 which has a downwardly directed nozzle 25 in alignment with the axis of the burner, this nozzlel being preferably shaped like a Venturi tube and the outlet being of such size that the air passing therethrough will have its velocity materially increased over that of the air through the pipes 23. j

The upper wall 15 of the burner has a central depression or well 26 into the center of which a fuel supply pipe 27 is connected. Arranged in the well 26, and spaced from the sides thereof to form the annular passage 28, is an upwardly directed conical member 29, the apex of which is preferably rranged within the nozzle 25, as shown in The bottom of the member 29 is provided with three short projections or lugs 30 which support the member 29 above the bottom of the well 26 and which are preferably arranged in a circular groove 31 in the bottom wall of the well which serves to locate the conical member centrally vwithin the well. I

The flange 17 serves to prevent oil from overowing, and, iu order to drain off the surplus of oil, in case the burner should be flooded, due to the flame being extinguished, I have provided a drain pipe 32 which communicates with the space above the burner, at the point 33.

As is customary in fuel oil burners the fuel sup pipe 27 will be provided with a shut-o. valve 34 having an operating handle 35 on which may be suspended a receptacle 36 to receive the overflow that is discharged through the drain pipe 32. The accumulation of fuel in the receptacle 36 will so increase its weight that it will move the handle 35 to shut the valve 34 and thus revent fuel from flowing to the burner. do not claim any novelty for this feature, however.

In order to seal off the space above the burner from the a-sh fpit space I employ an asbestos sheet 37 which is made to overlap the plate 19 and extends to the wall of the combustion chamber. I then fill the space between the burner' ,14 and the wall of the combustion chamber with a suitable fireproof material such as asbestos cement, as indicated at 38.

In the operation of the burner the natural chimney draft will cause the air .to flow through the openings in the projections 16 and the flange 17 and also through the pipes 23. The fuel oil, supplied by the pipe 27, suitably regulated according to any of the customary methods, will fill the well 26 and thus form a rin of fuel around the base of the conical mem er 29. The air flowing upwardly through the pipes 23, from the ash pit space, will be directed downwardly, through the nozzle 25, onto the cone 29 which will spread the air laterally 1n all directions and bring it into contact with the ring of fuel, taking up the vapor from latter, and the mixture thus formed will spread out laterall over the surface of the wall 15 and meet t e small streams of air flowing upwardly through the marginal openings in the wall 15, where the mixture will be burned and form an outwardly flaring, upwardly directed flame above the annular space between the burner and the wall of the furnace. The flame will contact with the pipes 23 and will also heat the fitting 24 so that the a ir flowing through these pipes will be preheated before it comes in contact with the fuel. It will be noted that the provision of the well 26, for the fuel, will keep the fuel away from the more highly heated ortions of the burner and the furnace until 1t meets the air from the nozzle 25 and this has the advantage of keeping the fuel in a relatively cool condition until it reaches the point of vaporization. The conical member 29 is readily removable from the well 26 for t-he purpose of cleaning sediment or other accumulations.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim is:

1. In apparatus of the class described, a burner comprising a plate having a series of perforations around its periphery through which air is supplied from beneath the burner to the space above it, a central upwardly projecting cone, means for directing a current of air downward upon said cone, means inde endent of said cone for supplying liquid uel around the base of said cone where it meets and is vaporized by said downwardly directed current of air, and the upper surface of the burner being shaped to direct the mixture thus formed to said perforations where it burns and' produces an outwardly flaring upwardly directed flame.

2. In apparatus of the class described, a burner comprising a plate in the form of an inverted cone having a series of perforations around its periphery through which air is supplied from beneath the burner to the .space above it, a central upwardly projecting cone on said plate, there being a depression in said plate providing a circula-r gutter around the base of the cone, means independent of said cone for supplying liquid fuel to said gutter, means for directing a current of air downwardly upon said cone so that it will be spread out laterally in all directions over said gutter to vaporize the fuel and form a mixture which will be directed over said perforations where it will burn and produce an outwardly flaring upwardly directed llame.

3. In apparatus of the class described, a burner 'comprising a plate having a central depression or well and a series of perforations around its periphery, there being an unperforated area between said well and said lseries of perforations, a conical member arranged coaxial with said well and projecting above the latter, means for supplying liquid fuel to said well, and means for supplying a downwardly directed current of air against said conical member.

4. In apparatus of the class described, a burner comprising a plate having a central depression or well and a series of perforations around its periphery, there being an unperforated area between said .well and said series of perforations, a conical member arranged in said well and spaced from the walls thereof to form an annular fuel space around the base of the conical member, means for supplying liquid fuel to said well, a nozzle arranged coaxial with said conical member and above the latter to direct a current of air downwardly thereon, and means for supplying air to said nozzle,

5. In apparatus of the class described, a burner comprising a plate having a central depression or well and a series of perforations around its periphery, there being an unperforated area between said well and said series of perforations, a conical member arranged in said well and spaced from the walls thereof to form an annular fuel space around the base ofthe conical member,

means for supplying liquid fuel to said well,y

a nozzle arranged coaxial with said conical member and above the latter to direct a current of air downwardly thereon, and a plurality of pipes projecting upwardly around said burner for supplying air from the space below the bur-ner to said nozzle.

6. In apparatus of the class described, a burner comprising an inverted conical plate having a central depression or well and a peripheral flange, the peripheral portion of the plate having a plurality of circles of perforations for the Supply of air from the space below the burner to the space above the plate, a conical member arranged in said well and spacd from the walls thereof to provide an annular fuel passage, a nozzle arranged coaxial with said conical member and above the latter to direct a current of air downwardly thereon and a plurality of pipes extending through the flame space around the burner and connected with said nozzle to supply air thereto.

7. In apparatus of the class described, the combination of a supporting plate, a burner having a downwardly directed peripheral flange resting upon said plate, said burner having a top wall provided with a centrally arranged fuel space and a series of perforations adjacent said flange, there being an upwardly inclined unperforated area between said well and the part containing said perforations, a conical member arranged coaxial with said well and projecting upward` ly therefrom, a nozzle arranged above said conical member to direct a current of air downwardly thereon, and a plurality of pipes supported on said plate and projecting 'upwardly through the flame space to supply air from the space below the burner to said nozzle.

8. In apparatus of the class described, the combination of a furnace comprising an ash pit and a combustion chamber with se arating means therebetween, a liquid uel burner supported on said separating means and comprising a plate having a depending peripheral Harige for supporting said plate above said separating means, means for sealing the space around said burner to prevent air from flowing therethrough from said ash pit to said combustion chamber, said plate having a central well in its upper surface, means for supplying liquid fuel to said well, a conical member arranged in said well and projecting upwardly therefrom and forming with the walls of the well an annular space through which the fuel is fed to the top of said plate, said plate also having a series of perforations around its periphery through which air is supplied from the ash pit to the space above the plate, a nozzle arranged above said conical member to direct a current of air downwardly thereon, and a plurality of pipes connected with said nozzle and communicating with the ash pit to supply air therefrom to the nozzle.

In testimony whereof I aHiX my signature.

RALPH W. HIETT. 

